Cartwright on Causality : Methods , Metaphysics , and Modularity

From Metaphysics to Method: Comments on Manipulability and the Causal Markov Condition

Daniel Hausman and James Woodward claim to prove that the causal Markov condition, so important to Bayes-nets methods for causal inference, is the ‘flip side’ of an important metaphysical fact about causation—that causes can be used to manipulate their effects. This paper disagrees. First, the premise of their proof does not demand that causes can be used to manipulate their effects but rather ...

Invariance, Modularity, and All That: Cartwright on Causation

Cartwright on wholism

This paper proposes a critical examination of the wholism that Cartwright contemplates. The first part spells out the consequences of this position – notably our principled ignorance of nature as a whole. The second part considers that physical theory which is widely claimed to exhibit some sort of wholism, namely quantum physics. I sketch a wholistic model of quantum physics and compare this m...

Mining Overlapping Communities in Real-world Networks Based on Extended Modularity Gain

Detecting communities plays a vital role in studying group level patterns of a social network and it can be helpful in developing several recommendation systems such as movie recommendation, book recommendation, friend recommendation and so on. Most of the community detection algorithms can detect disjoint communities only, but in the real time scenario, a node can be a member of more than one ...

Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science Causality: Metaphysics and Methods

How ought we learn causal relationships? While Popper advocated a hypothetico-deductive logic of causal discovery, inductive accounts are currently in vogue. Many inductive approaches depend on the causal Markov condition as a fundamental assumption. This condition, I maintain, is not universally valid, though it is justifiable as a default assumption. In which case the results of the inductive...